Research that Supports our ESDM Intervention

For parents interested in understanding the research behind our Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) therapy, you’ll be pleased to know that ESDM is backed by extensive scientific studies. ESDM is an evidence-based intervention designed for young children with autism, combining behavioural, relationship and developmental principles to promote language, social, and cognitive skills. Research has shown that children receiving ESDM therapy often make significant gains in IQ, language, and adaptive behaviour, compared to those receiving standard community interventions. The therapy’s effectiveness is supported by rigorous clinical trials and longitudinal studies, underscoring its role in early autism intervention. Below is a comprehensive list of research studies that detail the efficacy and benefits of ESDM intervention:

List of Recent Research That Supports ESDM Intervention

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Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS]. (2021). Preschool Education, Australia methodology. https://www.abs.gov.au/methodologies/preschool-education-australia-methodology/2021

Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA) (2012). National Quality Framework. https://www.acecqa.gov.au/national-quality-framework

Aylward, E., & Neilsen-Hewett, C. (2021). Application of an Evidence-Based Early Intervention Model for Children With ASD in Mainstream Early Childhood Education and Care Settings via a Targeted Professional Development Program. Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education, 45(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1017/jsi.2021.11

Aylward, E. Blackmore, R., , (co-Authors) & Grace, R. (2016). ‘One of the Kids’: Parent Perceptions of the Developmental Advantages Arising from Inclusion in Mainstream early Childhood Education Services. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 41(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911604100203

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Bradshaw, J., Steiner, A. M., Gengoux, G., & Koegel, L. K. (2015). Feasibility and effectiveness of very early intervention for infants at-risk for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(3), 778-794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2235-2

Buschbacher, P. W., & Fox, L. (2003). Understanding and intervening with the challenging behavior of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 34(3), 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2003/018)

Capes, K., Upson, S., Jones, C., Dissanayake, C., & Vivanti, G. (2019). Delivery of group-early start Denver Model in an Australian early childhood setting. Pediatric Medicine, 2, 16-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/pm.2019.04.04

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Chang, Y. C., Shire, S. Y., Shih, W., Gelfand, C., & Kasari, C. (2016). Preschool deployment of evidence-based social communication intervention: JASPER in the classroom. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 46(6), 2211-2223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2752-2

Christensen, D. L., Braun, K. V. N., Baio, J., Bilder, D., Charles, J., Constantino, J. N., Daniels, J., Durkin, M. S., Fitzgerald, R. T., Kurzius-Spencer, M., Li-Ching, L., Pettygrove, S., Robinson, C., Schulz, E., Wells, C., Wingate, M. S., Zahorodny, W., & Yeargin-Allsopp, M. (2018). Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2012. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 65(13), 1-23. https://doi.org.10.15585/mmwr.ss6513a1

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Davlantis, K. S., & Rogers, S. J. (2016). The Early Start Denver Model: A play-based intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders. In L. A. Reddy, T. M. Files-Hall, & C. E. Schaefer (Eds.), Empirically based play interventions for children (pp. 205–222). American Psychological Association.

Dawson, G. (2008). Early behavioral intervention, brain plasticity, and the prevention of autism spectrum disorder. Development and psychopathology, 20(3), 775-803. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579408000370

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Dawson, G., & Bernier, R. (2013). A quarter century of progress on the early detection and treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Development and psychopathology, 25(4pt2), 1455-1472. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000710

Dawson, G., Bernier, R., & Ring, R. H. (2012). Social attention: a possible early indicator of efficacy in autism clinical trials. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-11

Dawson, G., Hill, D., Spencer, A., Galpert, L., & Watson, L. (1990). Affective exchanges between young autistic children and their mothers. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 18(3), 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916569

Dawson, G., Jones, E. J. H., Merkle, K., Venema, K., Lowy, R., Faja, S., Kamara, D., Murias, M., Greenson, J., Winter, J., Smith, M., Rogers, S. J., & Webb, S. J. (2012). Early behavioral intervention is associated with normalized brain activity in young children with autism. Journal

of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(11), 1150-1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.018

Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Donaldson, A., & Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model. Pediatrics, 125(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0958

Debodinance, E., Maljaars, J., Noens, I., & Van den Noortgate, W. (2017). Interventions for toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of single-subject experimental studies. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 36, 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.01.010

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Drahota, A., Aarons, G. A., & Stahmer, A. C. (2012). Developing the autism model of implementation for autism spectrum disorder community providers: Study protocol. Implementation Science, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-85

Eapen, V., Črnčec, R., & Walter, A. (2013). Clinical outcomes of an early intervention program for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder in a community group setting. BMC pediatrics, 13(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-3

Eldevik, S., Hastings, R. P., Jahr, E., & Hughes, J. C. (2012). Outcomes of behavioral intervention for children with autism in mainstream pre-school settings. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 42(2), 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1234-9

Estes, A., Munson, J., Rogers, S. J., Greenson, J., Winter, J., & Dawson, G. (2015). Long-term outcomes of early intervention in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of

the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(7), 580-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.005

Estes, A., Rivera, V., Bryan, M., Cali, P., & Dawson, G. (2011). Discrepancies between academic achievement and intellectual ability in higher-functioning school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 41(8), 1044-1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1127-3

Estes, A., Vismara, L., Mercado, C., Fitzpatrick, A., Elder, L., Greenson, J., . . . Rogers, S. (2014). The impact of parent delivered intervention on parents of very young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(2), 353-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1874-z

Fava, L., & Strauss, K. (2014). Response to early intensive behavioral intervention for autism—An umbrella approach to issues critical to treatment individualization. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 39, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.004

Feldman, J., & Fataar, A. (2014). Conceptualising the setting up of a professional learning community for teachers’ pedagogical learning. South African Journal of Higher Education, 28(5), 1525-1540. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC166115

Frazier, T. W., Klingemier, E. W., Beukemann, M., Speer, L., Markowitz, L., Parikh, S., … & Strauss, M. S. (2016). Development of an objective autism risk index using remote eye tracking. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(4), 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.011

Fulton (now Aylward), E., Eapen, V., Crnčec, R., Walter, A., & Rogers, S. (2014). Reducing maladaptive behaviours in preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder using the Early Start Denver Model. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2(40), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2014.00040

Hadley, F., Waniganayake, M., & Shepherd, W. (2015). Contemporary practice in professional learning and development of early childhood educators in Australia: reflections on what works and why. Professional development in education, 41(2), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2014.986818

Holland, F. H., Ganguly, P., Potter, D. N., Chartoff, E. H., & Brenhouse, H. C. (2014). Early life stress disrupts social behavior and prefrontal cortex parvalbumin interneurons at an earlier time-point in females than in males. Neuroscience letters, 566, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.023

Ingersoll, B., & Wainer, A. (2013). Initial efficacy of Project ImPACT: A parent-mediated social communication intervention for young children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 2943–2952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1840-9

Kasari, C., Gulsrud, A., Paparella, T., Hellemann, G., & Berry, K. (2015). Randomized comparative efficacy study of parent-mediated interventions for toddlers with autism. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 83(3), 554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039080

Kasari, C., Kaiser, A., Goods, K., Nietfeld, J., Mathy, P., Landa, R., … & Almirall, D. (2014). Communication interventions for minimally verbal children with autism: A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(6), 635-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.01.019

Kasari, C., Lawton, K., Shih, W., Landa, R., Lord, C., Orlich, F., et al. (2014b). Caregiver-mediated intervention for low-resourced preschoolers with autism: An RCT. Pediatrics, 134, e72–e79. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-3229

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Koegel, L. K., Ashbaugh, K., Koegel, R. L. (2016). Pivotal Response Treatment. In R. Lang, T. Hancock, N. Singh (Eds.), Early Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Evidence-Based Practices in Behavioral Health (pp. 85-112). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30925-5_4

Kuriakose, S., & Shalev, R. (2016). Early Diagnostic Assessment. In R. Lang, T. Hancock, N. Singh (Eds), Early Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (pp. 15-46). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30925-5_2

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Lang, R., Hancock, T. B., & Singh, N. N. (2016). Overview of early intensive behavioural intervention for children with autism. In R. Lang, T. B. Hancock, N. N. Singh (Eds.), Early Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (pp. 85-112). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30925-5_1

Lawton, K., & Kasari, C. (2012). Teacher-implemented joint attention intervention: pilot randomized controlled study for preschoolers with autism. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 80(4), 687-693. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028506

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Are You Interested In Learning More About The ESDM?

We are a dedicated team of Speech Pathologists, Occupational Therapists, Certified ESDM Therapists, and Psychologists, serving families in Bondi Junction and Mascot, Sydney’s Eastern suburbs. Our clinics are tailored to provide exceptional intervention for children with autism, developmental delays, disabilities, and learning difficulties, ensuring they receive the best possible care and support.

If you’re a parent interested in the proven benefits of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) therapy for your child, we invite you to explore how this evidence-based approach can make a significant difference. Learn more about the research behind ESDM and discover how our specialized team at OneOnOne Children’s Therapy can support your child’s development. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards a brighter future for your child.