Understanding Sensory Issues in Children with Autism
Sensory issues are common in children with autism. These issues can affect how they experience and interact with the world around them. Understanding sensory issues can help us support children with autism better and create environments where they can thrive. They can be an important adjunct to the child’s other therapies that make the the therapy more successful. Let’s explore what sensory issues are, how they affect children with autism, and ways to help.
What Are Sensory Issues?
Sensory issues occur when the brain has difficulty processing the information that comes from the senses. We all have five basic senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Additionally, there are two more senses that play a big role in how we experience the world: the vestibular sense, which helps with balance and movement, and the proprioceptive sense, which helps with body awareness. Children with autism can have problems processing information from any of these senses.
Types of Sensory Issues
Sensory issues can be broadly categorised into two types:
- Sensory Hypersensitivity (Over-Responsiveness): This is when a child is overly sensitive to sensory input. For example, normal sounds might seem extremely loud, or lights might appear too bright. Children with sensory hypersensitivity might try to avoid sensory input because it feels overwhelming or painful.
- Sensory Hyposensitivity (Under-Responsiveness): This is when a child is under-sensitive to sensory input. They might not notice sensory information that others do. For instance, they might not react to loud noises or might need to touch things more forcefully to feel them. Children with sensory hyposensitivity might seek out more sensory input to feel satisfied.
Common Sensory Issues in Children with Autism
Here are some common sensory issues that children with autism might experience:
- Sight (Visual Sensitivity): Some children might find bright lights or certain colors overwhelming. They might prefer dim lighting or avoid looking at bright objects. Others might be fascinated by certain visual patterns or movements.
- Hearing (Auditory Sensitivity): Everyday sounds like vacuum cleaners, sirens, or even people talking can seem unbearably loud. Children might cover their ears, scream, or try to escape noisy environments. Conversely, some children might not react to loud noises at all or might seek out loud sounds.
- Touch (Tactile Sensitivity): Certain textures or types of touch can be very uncomfortable. A child might avoid wearing certain clothes because they feel scratchy or refuse to eat foods with certain textures. On the other hand, some children might seek out more touch, like wanting to touch everything or liking tight hugs.
- Taste and Smell (Gustatory and Olfactory Sensitivity): Some children might be extremely picky eaters because certain tastes or smells are too strong for them. They might avoid foods with strong flavours or smells. Others might not notice strong odors or might seek out strong tastes.
- Balance and Movement (Vestibular Sensitivity): Some children might have trouble with balance and feel dizzy easily. They might avoid activities that involve a lot of movement, like climbing or swinging. Others might crave movement and enjoy activities like spinning or jumping.
- Body Awareness (Proprioceptive Sensitivity): Some children might not be aware of their body in space. They might bump into things often or have trouble knowing how much force to use when touching or holding something. Others might seek out activities that give them a strong sense of body awareness, like squeezing or pushing heavy objects.
How Sensory Issues Affect Daily Life for Children with Autism
Sensory issues can have a big impact on a child’s daily life. They can affect how a child plays, learns, and interacts with others. Here are some ways sensory issues might affect a child:
- Challenges in Preschool and School: Bright classroom lights, noisy environments, or uncomfortable seating can make it hard for a child to focus and learn. They might have trouble following instructions or participating in activities.
- Difficulty with Social Interactions: Sensory issues can make social interactions challenging. For example, a child who is sensitive to touch might avoid hugs or handshakes, which can make it hard to connect with others. Noise or busy environments can also be overwhelming during social events.
- Problems with Daily Activities: Sensory issues can make everyday activities like eating, dressing, or bathing difficult. A child might refuse certain foods, avoid wearing specific clothes, or resist bathing because of sensory discomfort.
- Behavioural Responses: When overwhelmed by sensory input, children might have meltdowns or exhibit challenging behaviors. These behaviours are often a response to sensory overload and are a way for the child to express their discomfort.
Strategies to Help Children with Autism
There are many strategies that can help children with sensory issues feel more comfortable and manage their sensory experiences better. Here are some ideas:
Create a Sensory-Friendly Environment:
Adjust the child’s environment to reduce sensory overload. This might include using soft lighting, reducing noise levels, and providing comfortable clothing. Creating a calm and predictable environment can help the child participate at a higher level in that environment. This is why many children with autism love to start outside when they arrive at preschool. They find the outdoor area easier to manage from a sensory perspective.
Develop a Sensory Diet:
A sensory diet is a personalised plan of activities that provide the sensory input a child needs. This might include activities like swinging, jumping, deep pressure massage, or playing with sensory bins filled with different textures. A sensory diet can be a very useful tool to help regulate a child’s attention and emotions.
Provide Breaks:
Allow the child to take breaks when they feel overwhelmed. Having a quiet space where they can retreat and calm down can be very helpful. Encourage the child to use this space whenever they need to.
Use Visual Supports:
Visual schedules, charts, and cues can help children understand what to expect and feel more in control. Visual supports can also help with transitions between activities, which can be challenging for children with sensory issues.
Practice Sensory Play:
Engage the child in sensory play activities that they enjoy and find soothing. This can include playing with water, sand, playdough, or other sensory materials. Sensory play can help children explore different textures and sensations in a fun and non-threatening way.
Use Sensory Tools:
In specific situations, sensory tools can help children manage sensory input. A common example is using fidget toys to help a child stay in group time at daycare. These tools can help children focus better.
Work with Professionals:
Occupational therapists who specialise in sensory integration can provide valuable support. They can assess the child’s sensory needs and develop strategies to help them cope with sensory challenges. Working with professionals can make a big difference in managing sensory issues effectively.
Communicate and Listen:
Pay attention to the child’s cues and listen to what they are trying to communicate about their sensory needs. Respect their preferences and try to understand their sensory experiences. Open communication can build trust and help the child feel understood and supported.
Conclusion about Sensory Issues and Autism
Sensory issues are a significant aspect of life for many children with autism. These issues can affect their daily activities, social interactions, and overall well-being. By understanding sensory issues and implementing supportive strategies, we can create environments where children with autism feel more comfortable and can thrive. Sensory-friendly environments, personalised sensory diets, and collaboration with professionals are all important ways to support children with sensory issues. With patience, understanding, and the right support, we can help children with autism navigate their sensory experiences and lead happy, fulfilling lives.
We’re here to support you
At OneOnOne Children’s Therapy, we believe that every child deserves the opportunity to grow and thrive.
Our clinics are not just a space for therapy – it’s a place where children can discover their strengths, overcome challenges, and reach their full potential.
By combining innovative therapy techniques with a stimulating and supportive environment, we’re proud to offer a holistic approach to paediatric therapy and early intervention that addresses the unique needs of each child we support.
Reach out for support
If you’re concerned about your child’s sensory issues and they have autism, Occupational Therapy can help your child, OneOnOne Children’s Therapy is here to help. Out Occupational Therapists are AHPRA registered.
Call us on (02) 80657837 or email. You can book a free 30 minute phone call with us to discuss how we can support your child’s unique journey
